Wi-Vi TECHNOLOGY

Hello Viewers!!
We are back with a new post. Well, the contemporary world is in such a way that we can't even imagine our lives without internet. I'm sure that most of you have heard the term Wi-Fi many times. But, did you ever think of how it works and how its working should be strengthened?  Just imagine, how do you feel if you can see what is on the other side of the wall using your Wi-Fi? Interesting right!! This can be made possible by Wi-Vi technology. This post enables the reader to understand the Wi-Vi technology in brief.

Let's see the following basic & important things about Wi-Vi:

• What is meant by Wi-Vi?
• Wi-Vi Architecture.
• Wi-Vi Challenges.
• Wi-Vi Applications.
• Advantages of Wi-Vi.
• Disadvantages of Wi-Vi.
• Conclusion.

WHAT IS MEANT BY WI-VI ?
Wi-Vi stands for Wireless Vision which means both Wi-Fi and Vision together. This technology enables seeing through walls using Wi-Fi signals. One more interesting thing about this technology is that it can track moving objects and humans in a closed room. A really tantalising thing about Wi-Vi is that to operate it, we don't need any access to the devices which are on the other side of the wall. However, Wi-Vi is based on DOPPLER EFFECT. 

WI-VI ARCHITECTURE: 

Basically, a Wi-Vi is a 3-antenna MIMO (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) device in which transmission makes use of 2 antennas and receiving  needs 1 antenna in order to minimize errors and optimize data speed.

WI-VI CHALLENGES:
Wi-Vi technology faces the following major challenges:
(i) FLASH EFFECT:
Flash is the signal reflected off the wall. Remember, flash should not be stronger than the signal reflected from the objects. If the flash is large, then the ability to detect an object behind the wall decreases. Hence, flash must be eliminated.
(ii) IDENTIFYING & TRACKING HUMANS:
When there is only one human or object on the other side of the wall, it is easy to track. Suppose, there are multiple humans or multiple objects, the noise increases effectively because of multiple reflecting signals interfere with each other. In practice, most of the cases needs to be dealt with multiple objects and humans. Hence, this problem has to be resolved.

WI-VI APPLICATIONS:A broad range of applications use the Wi-Vi technology. Some of them are:
1. Personal Security
2. Smart Sensing
3. Law Enforcement
4. User Interface Design
5. Intruder Detection
6. Entertainment

ADVANTAGES OF WI-VI:
1. Less power consumption, cost of installation & maintenance.
2. Can perform through-wall imaging well.
3. Operates on lower bandwidths.
4. Extends human vision beyond electromagnetic range.

DISADVANTAGES:                         
1. Low resolution display.
2. Cannot detect humans beyond concrete walls of thickness greater than 8 inches.
3. Cannot work well when the number of objects increases.

CONCLUSION:
Wi-Vi is simply a wonderful technology which has wider scope in the future. It is comparatively cheap and provides see-through-wall devices of very small size so that general public can use it. However, it will be much more useful if the resolution of display is increased and if the devices that provide  display can be handheld like smart phones. As every technological advancement has two sides, it is in the user's hands to use this technology properly.

Thanks for reading and I hope you like this !!

DNA DATA STORAGE

Hello Viewers!!

I think most of you might have heard a famous quote "A theory must be tempered with reality". So, why don't we meet our need to store large amounts of data with the help of DNA? This is what our computer scientists thought and as a consequence of their idea, there emerged a wonderful concept of Storing Data in our DNA. Here, I am going to give a brief but clear idea about what, why and how DNA data storage is useful in today's world.

Let's put some basic questions to ourselves first:

•  Why is it necessary to find new techniques for data storage?
•  What is DNA?
•  Why DNA data storage?
•  What is DNA data storage?
•  How do we store data in DNA?
•  Styles of DNA data storage
•  Advantages and disadvantages
•  Applications
•  Conclusion

WHY IS IT NECESSARY TO FIND NEW TECHNIQUES FOR DATA STORAGE?

In the present world, data storage and access are of great importance. The voluminous information we have, may soon outstrip the ability of hard drives to capture it. Here is where DNA data storage comes into light. It enables us to store huge amounts of data in the strands of DNA.

WHAT IS DNA?

DNA(Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid) is a molecule that encodes genetic instructions and is well suited  for biological information storage. DNA molecules are double stranded helices. DNA contains a nucleic acid sequence which is a succession of letters A,G,T,C indicating the order of nucleotides in DNA where A,G,T,C stands for  Adenine, Guanine, Thymine and Cytosine respectively.

WHY DNA DATA STORAGE?

We use DNA as a storage medium because of its high data storage density & capacity, high memory space and can also withstand high environmental conditions. It is secure since it is invisible to human eye. It can store data for long periods of time because it protects from O2 and H2O(Oxygen & Water respectively).

WHAT IS DNA DATA STORAGE?

DNA data storage is a technology in which we use strands of DNA for storing & retrieving data. It is any process to store digital data in the base sequence of DNA. As DNA is a universal and fundamental data storage mechanism in biology, it stores every bit of datum ever recorded by humans using better store and retrieval techniques. For storage, it uses artificial DNA using commercially available Oligonucleotide synthesis machines and for retrieval, it uses DNA sequencing machines.

HOW DO WE STORE DATA IN DNA?

To store data in DNA, we have to encode it. Then, we represent it in a quaternary number system, followed by compression. The usual process will be as follows:

Encoding Table---Quaternary Number System---DNA Sequence---Compression

Encoding Techniques can be of different types like:
1. Huffman Code
2. Comma Code
3. Alternate Code
4. Perfect Genetic Code
5. Improved Huffman Code
6. Comma Free Code

Suppose, we are trying to store some information, say VVIT. First, we should use numbers to represent the letters in ASCII code. From the ASCII table, we have: V=86, I=73, T=84. Now, we change them to quaternary numbers i.e;          
 86=1112         73=1021         84=1110 

Now, we use "A,T,C,G" to represent the numbers 0,1,2,3 respectively.
VVIT = 1112 1112 1021 1110. Instead of synthesising one long string of DNA, we can code entire information by breaking it to smaller fragments. This A,C,G,T sequence avoids any reading errors. This method provides 100% accuracy.

STYLES OF DNA DATA STORAGE:

1. Surface based approach.
2. Soluble based approach.
3. Steganography technique using DNA hybridization.
4. Chromosomes DNA indexing.

ADVANTAGES:

1. DNA computing consumes significantly less energy than the electronic computers.
2. It’s ultra compact, and it can last hundreds of thousands of years if kept in a cool, dry place.
3. It won’t degrade over time like cassette tapes and CDs, and it won’t become obsolete.

DISADVANTAGES:

1.DNA needs to be sequenced to use it for data storage, which makes it a slow process.
2.Expensive.
3.Rewriting is not possible.
4.High equipped laboratories required.
5.Difficulty in understanding.

APPLICATIONS:

1. National security: for hiding purposes and stenography.
2. Preserves data at nuclear catastrophe.
Enhancements:Good bye silicon, hello DNA  the future of data storage device.
It can be used in:
1.DNA computing
2.DNA nanotechnology

CONCLUSION:

The longer you want to store information, the more attractive DNA becomes. The cost of synthesizing DNA is falling fast. Unlike other high-density approaches like manipulating individual atoms on a surface, new technologies can write and read large amounts of DNA at a time, allowing it to be scaled up. We can't get obsessed with the fact that it may not be practical today but if we strive hard, within 5-10 years you see that it is in the sweet spot. 

Thanks for reading and I hope you like this !!